Pericarditis is characterized by pleuritic pain, which is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward, and shallow breathing. It is exacerbated by coughing, lying down, or deep breathing.
Both pericarditis and STEMI can cause ST elevation, but T wave inversion in pericarditis occurs after ST normalization; it is concomitant with ST elevation in MI. You see PR depression in pericarditis. You see more localized and reciprocal changes in MI.
Effusion versus Tamponade
Tamponade is due to a sudden, rather than gradual rise, in pericardial fluid, preventing compensation. It is characterized by Beck's triad: hypotension, elevated venous pressure (jugular venous distention), and muffled heart sounds.
Effusion is characterized by low voltage QRS and electrical alternans. On X-ray the heart looks like a flask; lung fields are clear and there is no increase in BNP (contrast: cardiomyopathy as cause of enlarged heart).
Tamponade versus Constrictive pericarditis
Both these conditions cause diastolic dysfunction (i.e., proper filling during diastole).
Both these conditions cause diastolic dysfunction (i.e., proper filling during diastole).
You see pulsus paradoxus in tamponade but not in constrictive pericarditis. (Bullshit theory: This is because the decrease in intrathoracic pressure is not transmitted to the heart in constrictive pericarditis.)
You see Kussmaul's sign and mid-diastolic "knock" in constrictive pericarditis, due to inability to continue filling the ventricles. May see calcification on X-ray as well.
Constrictive pericarditis versus Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Functionally similar. You can cure constrictive pericarditis by taking off the pericardium. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is due to deposition of crap in the ventricular wall: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, fibroses (radiation-induced, congenital: endocardial fibroelastosis, hypereosinophilia: Loeffler endocarditis).
Causes of pericarditis
Serous: SLE, RA, Viral infection, Uremia
Fibrinous: Uremia, Post-MI (Dressler's syndrome), Rheumatic fever
Hemorrhagic: TB, Malignancy
Causes of cardiac tamponade
Pericarditis, uremia, malignancy, trauma (penetrating knife wound), cardiac surgery
Causes of pulsus paradoxus
Functionally similar. You can cure constrictive pericarditis by taking off the pericardium. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is due to deposition of crap in the ventricular wall: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, fibroses (radiation-induced, congenital: endocardial fibroelastosis, hypereosinophilia: Loeffler endocarditis).
Causes of pericarditis
Serous: SLE, RA, Viral infection, Uremia
Fibrinous: Uremia, Post-MI (Dressler's syndrome), Rheumatic fever
Hemorrhagic: TB, Malignancy
Causes of cardiac tamponade
Pericarditis, uremia, malignancy, trauma (penetrating knife wound), cardiac surgery
Causes of pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, croup
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